Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
ARFID is characterized by highly selective eating, fear of eating, or lack of interest in food, leading to nutritional deficiencies and impaired functioning.
What is Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating and feeding disorder recognized in the DSM-5 in which individuals significantly restrict the amount or type of food they eat. Unlike anorexia nervosa or bulimia, ARFID is not driven by concerns about body weight or shape. Instead, it stems from sensory sensitivity to food textures, colors, or smells; fear of choking, vomiting, or allergic reactions; or a general lack of interest in eating. ARFID can lead to significant weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, dependence on supplements, and marked interference with psychosocial functioning. It commonly co-occurs with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and anxiety disorders. Treatment typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy adapted for ARFID (CBT-AR), gradual food exposure, and nutritional rehabilitation.
Common Signs & Symptoms
Ways to Cope & Manage
CBT-AR (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for ARFID)
A specialized therapy that addresses the specific maintaining factors of ARFID through psychoeducation, self-monitoring, and gradual exposure to new foods.
Gradual Food Exposure
Systematic desensitization to new foods using a step-by-step approach—looking, touching, smelling, tasting—in a low-pressure environment.
Nutritional Rehabilitation
Working with a dietitian to address nutritional deficiencies, ensure adequate caloric intake, and create a balanced meal plan.
Occupational Therapy (Sensory-Based)
Addressing sensory sensitivities related to food textures, smells, and oral motor challenges.
Family-Based Approaches
Engaging caregivers to create supportive mealtime environments and reduce pressure around eating.
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